![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Windows 10 introduced intervention-less automatic update downloads and installation, Android and iOS introduced automatic updates, and Google Chrome started using silent automatic updates over ten years ago. Vendors introduced partially or fully automatic updates since users often delay or skip updates. Consequently, prior work extensively studied update attitudes and behavior . Keeping systems and software up to date is the most common expert advice for securing devices . We suggest naming updates for such devices ‘maintenance’ to move users’ expectations from ‘new features’ to ‘ensuring future functionality’. One of our main findings is that update decisions based on expected changes do not apply well to these devices since participants do not expect meaningful and visual changes. Based on the results, we conducted an online survey ( \(N = 91\)) to compare how users perceive update notifications for smartphones and smart consumer devices. We conducted a formative field study ( \(N = 52\)) to observe users’ update settings on smartphones and examine reasons for their (de-)activation. We investigate how well this transfer process works with respect to updates and if users with automatic updates fare worse than those with manual updates. Users generally transfer their understanding from domains that they know well (i.e. However, automatic updates also reduce the users’ opportunities to build useful mental models which makes decision-making harder on other consumer devices without automatic updates. Rapidly deployed important updates have a major impact on security. Automatic updates are becoming increasingly common, which minimizes the amount of update decisions that users have to make. ![]()
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